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Shaolin Kung Fu (Chinese: 少林功夫; pinyin: shao lin gong fu), also called Shaolin Wushu (少林武术; shao lin wu shu) or simply Shaolin quan (少林拳), is one of the oldest and most famous martial arts. Shaolin kung fu originated and was gradually developed in the Buddhist Shaolin temple in Songshan mountain, Henan province, China. Shaolin kung fu has various barehanded and weapon styles, every style with a few routines for health and fight. Shaolin is considered the biggest school of kung fu
Besides the core style of Shaolin temple, the name Shaolin is used as a brand for the so-called external styles of kung fu. There are many such styles outside of Shaolin temple, mainly in southern and northern China, that use the name Shaolin.
Chinese people have practiced martial arts prior to the establishment of Shaolin temple in 495 AD. The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, the Bibliographies in the Book of the Han Dynasty and the Records of the Grand Historian all document the existence of martial arts in China before establishment of Shaolin kung fu. The Chinese martial art of wrestling, Shuai Jiao, predates the establishment of Shaolin temple by centuries.[1] Since Chinese monasteries were large landed estates, sources of considerable regular income, monks required protection. Historical discoveries indicate that monks have had arms and have also practiced martial arts before the establishment of Shaolin temple.[2]
In 495 AD, Shaolin temple was built in the Songshan mountain, Henan province. The first monk to preach Buddhism there was the Indian monk Buddhabhadra (佛陀跋陀罗; fo tuo ba tuo luo), simply called Batuo (跋陀) by the Chinese. There are historical records that Batuo's first Chinese disciples, Huiguang (慧光) and Sengchou (僧稠), both had exceptional martial art skills. For example, Sengchou's skill with the tin staff is even documented in the Chinese Buddhist canon. After Batuo, another Indian monk, Bodhidarma (菩提达摩; pu ti da mo), simply called Damo (达摩) by the Chinese, came to Shaolin in 527 AD. His Chinese disciple, Huike (慧可), was also a highly trained martial arts expert. There is implications that these first three Chinese Shaolin monks, Huiguang, Sengchou, and Huike, may have been military men before entering the monastic life.[3]
Reality and myth are mixed together in the whole history of Shaolin and its kung fu. According to some stories, Bodhidharma, after arriving at Shaolin temple, sat in meditation for nine years. Feeling worried of the monks' physical weakness, he left behind two books: the “Marrow Cleansing Scripture,” (洗髓经; xi sui jing) and the “Muscle Changing Scripture” (易筋经; yi jin jing). Shaolin monks made some fame for themselves through their fighting skills due to their possession of these manuscripts.[4] Though this story is, however, a myth,[5][6] it has some roots in reality. Though no historical record mentions Bodhidharma as being practicing martial arts, he was the founder of Chan Buddhism. It was after him that the concept of martial art and Buddhism became the same. This was the birth point of religious martial arts, which is very important.
